Well, before 1996, I probably couldn’t answer this question.
However, 11 years later, 3 years working in 7 of these “hagwons” and managing in 5 of the 7, I’m feeling like I can now comfortably tell the virtual world what one is. I’ll get a little assistance from my online brethren as well.
First, let’s start with what is becoming the authority in information online, Wikipedia, which says a hagwon is “a private cram school prevalent in South Korea. For families that can afford it, hagwon education usually starts at or before elementary level. It is common for Korean school-children to attend one or more hagwons after their elementary school-day.” These cram schools are prevalent in Asia. Japan, mainland China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Hong Kong in addition to South Korea have many of these types of academies for students. India, England and Wales, Turkey and even the United States have been known as well to market these to parents so their kids can potentially supplement their daily schooling with these extra classes.